The Psychological Impact of Domestic Violence on a Child

When we think about stress affecting individuals, various images can come to mind such as the single mother working two jobs in order to keep food on the table, the father who just lost his job and has a mortgage along with other bills, the teen who is pressured under cultural norms and wont be true to himself, or the fulltime student who is working part time in order to pay his/her college tuition. We can all agree that all the individuals mentioned above would probably be dealing with stress and have a reason to, but what about an infant? How about a child from those cheery, colorful, bright preschools? â€Å"Impossible† you say. Is â€Å"not likely† running through your head, or â€Å"Doubt it† at the back of your mind? Let’s bring some life†¦show more content†¦Even if the parent is no longer in the home, they will still be reminded of their things. My sister-in-law was in an abusive relationship. Even after she kicked her spouse out her children refused to go into her room; the room in which he used to hit her. She had to relocate because she refused to have her kids scare of their own home. There is nothing fine for a child to live in the constant state of fear. Their heart beat increases and if this continues for prolonged periods of time the child’s physiological state changes permanently (Compas, 394). For example, let say Timmy first gets scared when he sees domestic violence happening; his body will react by increasing his heart rate, then decreasing when he feels safe, but every time he gets scared it will get higher and higher, until his body enters a hyper vigilance state usually found in military and police officers. Individuals who have pushed their bodies to be in a hyper vigilance level are not only affecting physically, but socially as well. If they are constantly watching their surroundings, and on alert, they can never truly be comfortable with others. My brother is a Correction Officer, and has been for a couple years now. He has mentioned that he can no longer go places that are in high populations; like malls or concerts. He is always on ale rt because he is used to be in alert for so long he can’t just turn it off. The worst part is the individuals who fit a certain profile put him on higherShow MoreRelatedEffects of Domestic Violence on Children1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe biggest victims of domestic violence are the littlest. The home is a suppose to be a safe and secure environment for children with loving parents and free from violence. Children need a secure environment where they can come home to when the outside world is unsafe. However, every year there are millions of children who’s homes are not a safe haven. Millions of children are exposed to a parent being violently assaulted. Domestic violence is a prevalent social issue in America today. First, whoRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse896 Words   |  4 Pagesa direct relation to a child who witnesses abuse in his/her home at a young age? Introduction: What is domestic violence? â€Å"Domestic Violence is a pattern of behaviors used to establish power and control over another person through fear and intimidation, often inclosing the threat or use of violence†(Safe Horizon, 2015). Domestic violence includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and exploitation; therefore, this is in relation to â€Å"intimate partner violence, battering, relationshipRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Victims And Varies1700 Words   |  7 PagesDefinition, strengths and limitations, and occurrence Domestic violence as a form of trauma can have an impact on victims and varies in the form in which it occurs. Domestic violence can occur directly to an individual or family or indirectly as exposure to domestic violence. 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Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner(USDOJ,2012). Domestic violence can be physical, economic, emotional, sexual, or psychological. Physical domestic violence is an attempt to impose physical injury such as grabbing, slapping, hitting, biting, etc. Physical violence can alsoRead MoreAll around the world domestic violence is a threat to all different types of families, including1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld domestic violence is a threat to all different types of families, including children and adults. â€Å"It is estimated that approximately 3 million incidents of domestic violence are reported each year in the United States† (Feinstein). The m ost common victims of domestic violence are women, and children. Organizations that offers protection for victims includes: National Network to End Domestic Violence, Survivor Network, and National Council on Child Abuse and Family Violence. Domestic violenceRead MoreDomestic Violence Has A Negative Impact On Children1568 Words   |  7 PagesOpen your eyes: Domestic violence has a negative impact on children. Being 8 years old and growing up witnessing domestic violence in my household was hard. â€Å"About 70% of domestic violence between couples goes unreported (S.N)† The reason the rate is so high is because fear overcomes the victim. The lack of someone being able to sit down and talk without being scared of getting home and getting beaten by their partner is bad, the reason of not being able to just sit down and talk to someone justRead MoreLong-Term Consequences of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence948 Words   |  4 PagesConsequences of Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence Abstract: Domestic violence effects everybody in a family. Patterns of abuse from one parent to another, between both parents or directed toward a child all have a composite effect of inflicting potentially severe emotional damage upon the child. The research outlined here identifies domestic violence as a serious sociological problem and consequently provides a usable definition of domestic violence for the present study. This is followedRead MoreDomestic Abuse Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesChild and domestic abuse is a serious matter which needs to have additional focus, especially in this day and age. Abuse is most often causes harm to others. Abuse may either be verbal, emotional, or physical or times all three. In today’s society there are many different types of abuse including, physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and neglect. All these types of abuse can affect people in multiple different ways, creating anywhere from short term to long term notable effects in the perso nRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1652 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is present in all regions of the world regardless of race, culture, or religion. It is not uncommon for men to experience spousal abuse. However, in reality abuse done by men towards women is a much more common occurrence. Men often abuse women as a result of negative domestic relationships experienced during childhood, the feeling of inadequacy and mental illness. However, the leading cause for this behaviour is the feeling of inferiority and the need to exert power. Stereotypically

The Foreclosure Crisis And The Housing Crisis - 1172 Words

When the housing bubble burst in 2007, 7.3 million borrowers lost their homes due to foreclosure or short sale. These â€Å"boomerang buyers† are slowly but surely recovering from financial setbacks and reentering the housing market. Conventional lenders have seasoning requirements that prevent buyers from obtaining a new mortgage until they have repaired their credit: a seven-year window for foreclosures and four years for short sales. In 2007, there were over 1.28 million foreclosure filings. The number of foreclosure filings remained above historical national averages for eight years, growing every year until 2010, when levels capped at 2.87 million. According to RealtyTrac’s 2014 Year-End U.S. Foreclosure Market Report, national foreclosure filings--including bank repossessions, default notices, and scheduled auctions--saw an 18 percent decrease from 2013 to 2014, but still had not reached pre-recession levels. In 2015, nearly 700,000 of boomerang buyers will be eligible for new homes, according to TransUnion. Over the next five years, 2.2 million borrowers will again be eligible for mortgage credit as their seasoning periods expire. These boomerang buyers represent a wave of potential pent-up demand in the housing market that could reshape the housing market. However, so far less than half of recently eligible borrowers have purchased a home. There are several possible reasons for this: they may believe they are not eligible even if they are, they may be reluctant to seekShow MoreRelatedHousing Market And The Foreclosure Crisis1605 Words   |  7 Pages The financial crisis that occurred in 2007-2008 is narrowly related to what happened with the housing market and the foreclosure crisis. In 2006, the housing market peaked due to newly available loans such as interest adjustable loans, interest only loans, and zero down loans for people with low-income jobs. Housing prices were increasing radically and new homeowners were taking out mortgages that they would be unable to pay for in the future, all in order to be able to afford homes with such steepRead MoreThe Housing Crisis Of 20081630 Words   |  7 PagesStr eet to individuals benefiting from the booming housing market. However, while all this was taking place something important was about to shift the United States economic landscape. I am referring to the Mortgage crisis or also known as the housing crisis of 2008. My goal in this paper is to bring this source into the economic discussion by connecting into the current and 2008 foreclosures that set off other problems in our economic and real estate housing history. 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Should we blame banking institutions, mortgage lenders, brokers, and investors for this crisis? Should minorities be blamed for recklessly accepting loans and defaulting on them after realizing theyRead MoreThe Foreclosure Crisis Within The United States953 Words   |  4 PagesThe foreclosure crisis, which is often termed as foreclosure gate remains an on-going conflict, which refers to the epidemic closure initiated by lenders and various large banks in the United States. The direct consequence of this foreclosure is linked with the spread of fear amongst the investors i n the United States. A number of studies have also evaluated the increment in the suicide rates after the inception of foreclosure crisis. 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As one can imagine, many individuals and families are currently hurting as a result of this foreclosure crisis. High unemployment rates and lack of job creation leave very few options for already struggling homeowners. Because the housing industry composes such a large part of the American economy and affectsRead MoreThe 2008 Financial Crisis Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduction The 2008 financial crisis led to a sharp increase in mortgage foreclosures primarily subprime leading to a collapse in several mortgage lenders. Recurrent foreclosures and the harms of subprime mortgages were caused by loose lending practices, housing bubble, low interest rates and extreme risk taking (Zandi, 2008). Additionally, expert analysis on the 2008 financial crisis assert that the cause was also due to erroneous monetary policy moves and poor housing policies. The federal governmentRead MoreA Practical Solution to the Foreclosure Crisis1122 Words   |  5 PagesIt is no secret the foreclosure crisis has played a significant role in the financial meltdown of the past year. The collapse of the housing marketing has brought thousands of families across the country to financial ruin, forcing many out on the streets. Although the common consensus is that something must be done to stabilize the foreclosure crisis, the agreement ends there. Proposed solutions to the foreclosure cr isis have drawn controversy from all political affiliations and walks of life. ThisRead MoreSolving the Foreclosure Crisis in Low-Income Neighborhoods Essay1168 Words   |  5 PagesIn cities across the United States, the ongoing foreclosure crisis has caused the rapid spread of urban blight. The proliferation of foreclosed properties has consequences far beyond the hardships encountered by families facing foreclosure. Rising crime, unstable neighborhoods, and local budget problems are but a few of the external effects created by an overabundance of foreclosed property. Dealing with such property requires a two-faceted approach by local governments that focuses on acquiring

Critical Analysis of The Sinners by Yusuf Idris free essay sample

Yusuf Idris’ novel, â€Å"The Sinners†, revolves around the murder investigation of a newborn baby found in an Egyptian farming village. The author not only does a fantastic job leading the reader through the daunting task of finding the unknown mother who committed the crime, but he also weaves a story about Egyptian cotton farming life during the 1950’s, the town’s peoples beliefs about sin and the sinner, and how one tragic event can lead a community to lay aside their differences and come together. This book is suitable for an Egyptian who has lived the life of a cotton farmer or for a person who has no real idea of Egypt or the many cultures that fill the country. Yusuf Idris paints a portrait for the mind that makes one feel like they are walking through the motions with each character. From the estate’s men, who range from an authority-driven town official to the migrant worker who is breaking his back to take a meager earning home to his family, and the Estate’s women, who range from the pious, sin-fearing, model wife of the chief clerk, to the woman marked by shame for a crime she tries to hide. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis of The Sinners by Yusuf Idris or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The author spares no details in describing the differences between the Estate’s peasants and the Gharabwa . The social stigma that plagues the migrant workers and the way the peasants look down upon every detail of their way of life. The stigma of social class exists everywhere – even in a rural, Egyptian setting. Because of the alluring personality types, the never-ending drama of farm life, and the visionary scenarios that Idris so easily describes, the novel has a way of making the reader relate so well to the setting of the story. In order to begin to understand the perplexity of the crime, and the intense way the characters react to it, the reader would need to understand the devout way of life and opinions of the Estate’s peasants. Idris makes sure to include the reactions of several characters upon discovering the crime, which are all in reaction to the sin behind the crime. The issue of sin in the Egyptian village is extremely taboo, and even though it is made known that most of the characters have sinned themselves in one way or another. The sin deals directly with the source of the sin, the sinner, therefore when the baby is found dead, the first issue is that the child must be bastard, and that the mother who killed it must be punished for her SIN (â€Å"crime† is synonymous with sin in this time and belief system). The abolition of the sin and the sinner is the driving force behind the never-ending search for the source of the crime, and the sin especially. The author makes sure to end the novel on a positive note, leaving the reader with a sense of peace and better understanding that even in the strictest of circumstances, compassion is not blind. In the midst of trying to cut off their noses to spite their faces, they hope and pray not to be amongst the culprit; let it dare not be one of them. But when the details of the crime come to light, the author makes sure to show that no matter how against the sin the peasants were, their emotions could not be shielded from the heartbreaking scene of the dying woman who killed her child. He displays the fact that humans from every walk of life are not immune to empathy, and that in the end, we are all more alike than we are different. In conclusion, â€Å"The Sinners† by Yusif Idris is not merely a murder mystery. From page one to the end, the author engages the reader in a tale of life an Egyptian cotton farming community, the beliefs that are the backbone of their existence, and how an unspoken tragedy can set aside unshakable differences, and bring people together when they need each other most.

The American Dream In Arthur Millers All My Sons Essay Example

The American Dream In Arthur Millers All My Sons Paper The American Dream in All My Sons by Arthur Miller Americans are just recovering from the effects of the great depression and the Second World War. Everyone is gripped with the desire to lead a comfortable and urban life. Joe Keller is one such pioneer. He is sixty-one years old and heads a business, which supplies engine parts to the military planes. His love for his family and the need to be prosperous makes him sacrifice his image and reputation. He knowingly supplies faulty engine parts to the military planes against the advice of his company manager, Steve Deever. Of the planes fitted with these faulty parts, twenty-one of them crash killing pilots. Joes own son, Larry, a military pilot, dies en route to China in a related crash. This sets Joe on a collision path with his Family who associates Larrys death to his actions. After investigations on the genesis of the plane crashes, Joe and Steve are arrested and convicted. Joe, however, finds his way out of Jail by framing Steve and claiming innocence on the whole incident. This paper examines the relationship between family members, and each persons devotion to leaving the American dream, marred by secrets and the unwillingness to reckon the responsibility. In Millers All My Sons, money and responsibility play a huge role as themes, as does loyalty. However, it is an obsession with the American Dream which not only drives the plot but also drives the characters. In a new, better educated America, the main character, Joe Keller, struggles to accept that his hard work and dedication to his business is not enough. Desperate to hand the business down to his son, Keller has committed awful sins against his nearest and dearest in order to keep it alive. We will write a custom essay sample on The American Dream In Arthur Millers All My Sons specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The American Dream In Arthur Millers All My Sons specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The American Dream In Arthur Millers All My Sons specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer His son, meanwhile, has dreams and desires of his own, ones which are perhaps not quite in keeping with those of his family. It is a combination of this rebellion and his fathers obsession that make this play so absorbing and fascinating. Perhaps the most interesting character in All My Sons is that of Joe Keller, the self-made patriarch with a desperation to pass on his business to his son, but also a colder, more hardened ability to shirk blame and gladly hand it to somebody else. At the very beginning of Act One, we are introduced to Keller through the stage directions, which state that When he reads, when he speaks, when he listens, it is ith the terrible concentration of the uneducated man for whom there is still wonder in many commonly known things, a man whose Judgements must be dredged out of experience and a peasant-like common sense. A man among men (Miller 5-6). This element of Kellers nature, his lack of education, is something which appears more than once during the play and has a particular significance. Keller is something of a self-made man, a hard worker with an almost exaggerated desire to pass on his business to his son, Chris. This burning need to achieve the American Dream drives Keller to atrocious behaviour. However, this notion of the American Dream has fooled him, it has tricked him into believing that in this new post-war world hard- work is all one needs in order to be respected and good. He rails that everybodys garbage [ ] Its gettin so the only dumb ones left are the bosses (Miller 48). The sensitivity that Joe Keller has regarding his education is fairly clear here. Keller is unable to keep up with the times, struggling to understand how anybody could make money from old dictionaries All the kind of business is goin on. In my day, either you were a lawyer, or a doctor, or a doctor, or you worked in a shop. Now (Miller 7). Joe Keller has been blinded by his obsession with keeping his secret and his business. Throughout the play, the opinions of others are clearly of great importance to the characters, and for Keller, the thought of losing his business was too much to bear and he was willing to sacrifice literally anything in order to hold on to it. His only defence of his actions is a need to keep the business going, the business which has become his whole life. He explains to his son, Im in business, a man is in business [ ] you got a process, the process dont work youre out of business [ they close you up, they tear up your contracts, what the hells it to them? You lay forty years into a business and they knock you out in five minutes, what could I do, let them take forty years, let them take my life away? (Miller 69). Of course, the war is a strong undercurrent in this play, and the effect that it has had on its characters is of great interest. When Keller defends his actions, he argues that everything and everyone has been dirtied by the war, asking his son Who worked for nothin in that Did they ship a gun or a truck outa Detroit before they got their price? Is that clean? Its dollars and cents, nickels and dimes, war and peace, its nickels and dimes, whats clean? (Miller 82). Of course, it is Kellers dirtying with which the play is concerned. Aside from the initial dreadful decision which had such damning repercussions, there is Kellers need to have his son inherit the business in order to give his own life meaning, and what this need drives him to. For example, he makes some effort to protect his wife from upset until his son intends to leave and turn down the business. In which case, Keller is willing to break his wifes heart as its ll only for you, Chris, the whole shootin-match is for you! (Miller 17). Keller is cruel and manipulative, willing to appeal to his sons pity if need be. He tells his son Chris, I did it for you, it was a chance and I did it for you. Im sixty-one years old, when would I have another chance to make something for you? (Miller 70). Here Keller attempts even to lay blame on his sons shoulders. Kellers behaviour and actions were never driven by love for his son (although one cannot comment on whether or not he does indeed feel love for his son), but instead he is driven by an obsession ith an ideal, with the American Dream, and with a fear of how he will be perceived by others. As I previously pointed out, the appearance of oneself before others is a common thread in the play. There is even the ironic moment when Sue, a neighbor, says of the Keller family, l resent living next door to the Holy Family. It makes me look like a bum (Miller 45). The irony being, of course, that the family is anything but holy. Keller tries to seem like an understanding man, sympathizing with his old partner, even though there is a more bitter irony in his words. There are certain men in the orld who would rather see everybody hung before theyll take the blame (Miller 64). This from him is incredible. One wonders if Keller is aware of Just how much this statement applies to him, or if he in genuinely unaware. After all, Chris accuses his The character of Kellers son, Chris is an interesting one. In his physical description he is likened to his father, but he Just lacks the lying ability, or the self-serving nature. He struggles with his own American Dream, saying l dont know why it is, but every time I reach out for something I want, I have to pull back because other people will suffer. My whole bloody life, time after time (Miller 16). I believe that one could argue that Chris feelings stem from being a pawn in his fathers own dream Chris has never had the opportunity for any individuality, or wants of his own. He and indeed his girlfriend Ann, are shackled by money and expectation. Sue points out to Ann that hes [Chris] got money. Thats important you know. But Ann insists It wouldnt matter to me. (Miller 44). It is this abandonment of expectation and financial concerns that ultimately frees the couple from the obsession that engulfed Joe Keller and was the ultimate downfall of Anns own father. Kate, Joes wife still clings to the hopes that Larry, her son, is alive despite having been dead for three years. Her remaining son Chris has to convince her of Larrys death to pave way for his marriage to Ann, a former fiancee to Larry whom he now loves. Kates love for Larry, who by any means is dead, is shown to be strong when she asks a neighbor to determine the favorability of her sons day of demise through horoscope. When she is confronted by Chris and Keller to accept the reality, she blackmails Keller into supporting her belief, failure to which Larrys blood would hang on Kellers shoulders (Novelguide n.). On learning of the planned marriage between his sister Ann and Chris, and given the tension between the two families accessioned by Kellers framing of Steve, George, brother to Ann goes to prison to inform Steve (his father) of the development. George, convinced about the innocence of his father, tries to stop the wedding and accuses Keller of all that transpired. He is ordered to leave by Chris so that the wedding plans are not Jeopardized. Kate then unravels to Chris the liability of his father, Keller, on the death of Larry and he confronts his father accusing him of murder and tarnishing the familys reputation Abbotson 39). Kate persuades Keller to turn himself to jail if Chris so pleases. Her emotions about her sons death are aggravated further when Ann shows her the suicide letter sent by Chris who sacrificed himself for the family to ward them off the shame caused by Keller. Chris, however, forgives his father and shuns his mothers thought of turning in their father to jail. His marriage plans with Ann also backfires when Chris decides to travel without her, fearing Anns persuasiveness for Keller to be turned in (Miller, 20). Chris then reads aloud the letter, which had been sent by Larry in the presence of Keller. Keller digests the sense that all the pilots killed in the crash, which he caused by supplying faulty parts to the military equals his son Larry. He dashes into his chambers claiming he needs to pick to then drive himself to Jail but instead kills himself by his own gun. Keller fails to recognize the inadequacy of his achievements in the business though he is determined to pass the inheritance to his son. He, therefore, exploits friend to get away with the kill. Ironically, the son he fghts so much for (Chris) has different ideologies from his and the familys. Kellers behavior takes un-expected turn with the urge to preserve the family status and pass over what he believes to have earned rightfully to Chris. Chris unwillingness to inherit his fathers estate contributes to Kellers unexpected exit. In the post war and depression America, Keller is deceived on the ability to earn respect and outstanding reputation through hard work. He scoffs at those people getting education, lamenting that there shall be nobody left for the odd Jobs should everybody get educated (Miller 48). Influence of traditional [conventional beliefs on the American dream. Keller finds it hard keeping with the pace of change and developments in post war America and wonders how anybody would make money from education if not the conventional trade. He is also determined to conceal the traditional dealings of his business and life. Keller does not take note of others views just to ensure that the business and his personal interest are protected and moving. In trying to further the dreams of America by serving in the military, Chris is scolded by Keller who wonders aloud why he should waste his time in the military where they are mistreated when ther opportunities are available for him such as Joining in the trade. He vows to protect his business and life in reference to the new set regulations of doing business since he sees no necessity of conforming to such policies to build the nation (Miller 69). The undercurrents of the Second World War also affect the developments towards the realization of the American dream adversely. Keller retorts at anything claiming it to have been corrupted by the war. He does not therefore see the need of patriotism, claiming everything done should have a price, as was the case during the ar. In the play, this is a hindrance to the development of post war and depression America as shared in the dreams. Keller presents an old era not willing to breathe fresh air of the modern America and uses his business as bait of drawing his sons pity. To him, the spirit adopted during the Second World War where peoples service to the nation had a price tag should continue. He tries to curve a self-centered person out of Chris by claiming that everything he does is for his own good while ignoring the plight of any other person including his neighbors. Deeply, Keller has no love or affection for neither his son nor his interest but is rather obsessed with the others perception and the perspectives of America (Moore n. p). Chris, on the other hand, is open and selfless in his pursuit of the American dreams. Chris wonders why he has to retreat every time he sets course to achieve anything in order to avert other peoples sufferings (Miller 16). Though he comes from a noble family, he never shows his status and encourages a level take off by everyone since they have a common dream and objective to achieve. Both Ann and Chris aiden perception to money and status sets them free, unlike Keller whose downfall can be attributed to personal interests. The same notion is used by the influential and powerful Americans to shift responsibility and blame to the less fortunate in the prefers others to clean up his mess (Vortex n. p). Inherent themes in the American dream Relatedness Most scenes or occurrences try to ascertain ways in which individuals are indebted to their commune, attached undertakings, and the difference between personal and public matters. During the war, Kellers actions go unperturbed since in is own rights, he is duly bound to himself. He shares nothing with the society. Idealism Chris backs down on his hard stand when he realizes the graveness of the issue, which had the potential of sending Keller to Jail. This comes when he reads a letter written by his fallen brother (Larry) that his father was responsible for his death. He, therefore, sacrifices his ideals. Business Though uneducated, Keller is financially successful. It is this success, however, that leads to his downfall when he is blinded by his business sense stemming from the capitalist system. American dream There is a biased misconception of economic success as the only avenue to the American dream, dwarfing all other aspects, which are also relevant. Other aspects of the dream are sacrificed by Keller to ascend to his economic power. In conclusion, Joe Keller never accepts his guilt fully. He argues and he makes excuses and he even allows someone else to take the flack. This criticism of the American Dream, a notion used by the powerful to control those less so, is made all the more interesting when one considers that the playwright, Arthur Miller, was himself investigated by the House of Un-American Activities. This period of US history is worth studying in itself (in fact, this is my wifes topic for her undergraduate dissertation!). Anyway, I hope you enjoyed reading and I will hopefully be back with something again soon. Work cited Abbotson, Susan C. W, and Stephen Marino. A Student Handbook to the Plays of Arthur Miller: All My Sons, Death of a Salesman, the Crucible, a View from the Bridge, Broken Glass. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013. Internet resource. Novel guide: All My Sons. Accessed. 16th November 2013. http://www. novelguide. com/all-my-sons/ theme-analysis